more often found in public toilets and blue light, so Fixer inject any drugs. The blue light are the veins than they are, trying to tackle against drug use, although it is not addressing the root cause. The city of Wels now operates more and more public toilets, was subsequently installed in the blue light, also in Cologne, even the Starbucks just this light on the toilets and in Vienna there are also some examples. Especially in the new building of the TU was installed on each level of blue light in the toilets so that drug addicts are kept away from Charles Square. The dubious is that it even on the top floors are exclusively toilets with blue light, although they are accessible only with a special key that only the employees of the TU.
The blue light is thus an increasingly visible phenomenon in the toilet landscapes, but unfortunately scared away its mode of action including those who intend not to a syringe to drive it in the arm, because by the light you do not see very well, certainly not whether a toilet is clean or not. The selective influence on the field of vision and perception of the user is regarded in this context as uncomfortable and not just a good feeling on such a toilet at.
Since the understanding of the blue light, a Wetlwissen about the immediate environment is needed for its use as is, one half of a whitewashing to another place, where, reflected indirectly by the blue light. The net effect is to question, however, always, since this type of toilet, too, is the realization of a social idea, but probably will have no greater impact on drug addicts.
With the introduction of the sewage system and the establishment of public social equipment came into the modern urban landscape. Today, the toilet is in Western societies good form and there are even all kinds of laws about toilet, for example, at what size a restaurant also has a toilet must have. Throughout the world there are public restrooms in various versions: in rural China is one example of a trough in India squatting toilets are announced, toilet facilities in Italy, almost all a fan against the smell, Singapore is the operation of the mud required by law, in remote regions of the world usually is a kind of squat toilet found in parts of Canada we must charge no fee, Dixieklos are often companions of festivals and even in trains and planes will be without the traveler is not on a toilet, which in this case a vacuum system based.
What new inventions such as the roadbag (better "plastic bottle" on the road) or in-seat toilet bowls in Chinese cars (especially for the needs in a traffic jam) all conceal the fact that many people in this world have no access to public toilets and live in deplorable hygienic conditions. Nearly 40% of the world must relieve themselves in the pits at the roadside or in makeshift Behelfnissen do and about 2.6 billion people have no access to sanitation facilities of any kind
The natural process of toilet use due nature of society today, the resulting artificial manipulation of the metabolism and its control of certain premises in the use of a heterotopic location is concealed because it is an everyday common practice for us, is not the most thought. The need of the society here is clearly in line with concealment of natural needs, since they are regarded as more modest and not fit for society. Through the establishment of certain social norms in dealing with the call of nature, it is to distinguish between socially acceptable behavior and one that does not meet the standard conventions and thus as abnormal true even though, given the fact that humans descended from apes, would certainly natural.
pairs in these semi-public toilets in a casino in Las Vegas in functionality with history, because the urinals are in genuine remains of the Berlin Wall mounted and you can still see the original graffiti from the time of division between East and West Germany. In the bathroom there are not only temporal jumps, but also especially true spatial distances to be bridged. The triumph of communism with the fall of the Berlin Wall is so celebrated in the toilet and pees the user that literally the leg. It remains to remember that the graffiti on the Berlin Wall is often a political speech in a country represented, was in the monitoring and spying on the agenda and could lead to arrests differently-minded opinions.
precisely the mapping of a historical building with a strong political connotation in a country that is considered the cradle of capitalism, especially in a city that serves as a magnet for tourists from legal gambling are combined incompatible places with each other and from historical events in a way the pop-smart, as they are now designing a toilet, a place to stay and not typically for reflection invites. Nevertheless, is mounted over the urinals potpourri of photos and historical facts that the user should inform about the background, but this is meant more in terms of entertainment and, with Neil Postman said, as "infotainment" a deeper level of communication frustrated. The remains of the Berlin Wall, thus reinterpreted as a spectacle in the truest sense of the word to the rest of capitalism.
Odd there is no doubt, in the urinals, as this "She-inal" proves. As the name suggests, these are at a urinal for the female gender. The operation is woman must be helped because of a missing body part through a funnel snout: it pretty simple. Since this part should be used by any user, these urinals were not in high demand and the manufacturer has discontinued after 700 units in the 90 production and its rights to the "She-inal" sold. In many a Dairy Queen in Florida, the "She-inal" are still encountered, and it is now an attraction of the inventiveness and is no longer used.
lack sewers, the chamber pot for a very long tradition and practically no one came past him: in hospitals, hostels and private space, he served at a time without a toilet flush the Notdurf, as the name suggests, particularly at night. emptied it was in medieval and early modern times simply through the window, in the 18th Century, it was then in some cities morgends brought to the door and the town emptied to prevent epidemics.
Over time, the chamber pot and a kind of political statement with hated personalities or patriotic slogans. So were such white chamber pots with an image of Napoleon on the ground in the time of the Napoleonic wars very popular and you did his opinion known every time again when we went to the bathroom. from 18 Century arrived, so-called body chairs in fashion, which were nothing less than a more comfortable chamber pot variant (hence the term "stool"). It is even known that even Le Roi du Soleil Louis XVI of France, who did so out of all his activities, a state affair, and talked on the commode with high government officials and confidants. (Small note in the margin: in Versailles, it was not a single fixed toilet, though always, the devil was going on there)
with a full bladder in and out again with a bunch of information.
location: Gürtelbogen 37-38, 1080 Vienna
So named in the title, it's probably every user of the toilets on Belt visits. We want to take special attention to the toilets in the bar state Rhiz. held While the equipment very spartan but useful is (a sink, mirror without a frame, a toilet, what each separated only by a thin wall from the "vestibule" that the find at most packed together 3 people), is located at the walls of a true smorgasbord of flyers, posters, stickers or paintings. At these Walls appears to have perpetuated close to anyone who ever visited the bar has Rhiz. The majority of the ornaments points to events, but occasionally you can find stickers that were well thought out positions and thus have a specific meaning. For example, glued to the door handle or a combination lock on the opened toilet lid is a sticker that says "comfort zone". This shows that some people let their creativity in the free design of the toilet to feed. As such, the toilet is very poorly lit, but you have to see what is seen (flyers etc.) and what you do not see will be hidden (dirt). The toilet then invites you to relax and not be told still many stories. Also interesting that the posters for other events and are removed from time to time, so space is created for the new and the "space" is still not small (;)). The event posters and programs will also be able selectively applied by operators and not only from individuals. So here it is advertised in other local establishments.
This is referred to in this toilet to other places where something takes place, or where once something has taken place, there are other places called. The collected works vary from one to the other day and the ritual of washing hands flowing ideas also taken and interpretations into the room and be with.
An individual experience, not just for opera lovers
The Opernklo in the subway passage, Karlsplatz:
This semi-public toilet outside even looks like an opera hall in the small format and invites you to do his business in a refined, cultured atmosphere. works from the outside it's as you were sitting or standing in the middle of one of the best box seats with the best view of the "stage". As a stage in this case the input is meant to toilets. The hall is also equipped with special light, which can be seen only after close inspection staged. In addition, the illusion of the opera visit by classical music, of course, perfected by the Austrian national hero par excellence, Mozart. It is probably also largely due to the music that so many people visit this toilet. A toilet visit with classical music is obviously something new for everyone and in combination of the Opera facade you can but also like 60 cent there. The price is paid and successfully passed through the turnstile, the adventure opera toilet actually go! It can be ascertained quickly that is primarily the Frauenklo relatively unspectacular. Only one picture at the end of the room, rose and the signs "Loge1, 2.3, ..." are a small but not too exciting highlight in the otherwise slipped held toilet. The men here have expected a bit more action. The normal toilets also be designed more simply brilliant, especially the room by themselves are the urinals. As a "toilet-bar Vienna" means there is a real experience to stay here temporarily. A simulated acts of photographs bar here is very welcoming, especially since the here and out on the sign in front of the Opera Toilet already announced, the piano is located. About the urinals, which one could almost call this bar stool, are the "drinks" and "glasses" and you can even see tables with drinks lists. Unfortunately, this interferes with a little of the urine smell, which is itself not through the air freshener to get small. Generally one can say already that it is an experience to visit this toilet once, though for 60 cents for some possibly a little overpriced.
As a community space, such as the toilet of the "freedom" these acts semi-public restroom rather not. It is more than social, view individual experience. An attraction that you may like to enjoy themselves.
addition, it can be noted that it also came to an end, extension, since it in 1.Linie as advertising for the opera acts and attracts mainly tourists in their spell. 60 Cent you would find most of a normal public restroom rather overpriced and we would also probably be very lightly, only to facilitate the bubble.
our opinion, could be called the Opernklo as a place that accompanies a 3.Ort, since there is some effect in opera too. In addition, we also assume that It is a place at all, and not in the category of "non-place" should be inserted. The opera is in some way, toilet artificially charged with history and identity, through the aspect that it is a miniature of the actual opera house. And here again to talk some points for it, just as it did in the other semi-public and public toilets, that this is a heterotopia is, since several rooms also come together in one place. Opera and toilet as a combination would probably as some people expected.
These urinals are on the Arlanda Airport in Stockholm, one of Scandinavia's largest airports. The design concept is based here on a combination of art, architecture and functionality. The particular focus was on the contrast between the photographs of Swedish nature and style of the airport building with steel beams, glass and cement, the user can make in the immediate vicinity of the runway his bladder and can watch so the aircraft when parking and exiting.
The categorization of the toilet system is a non-place, since it was integrated into another non-place and shares the primary characteristics. Subtracting zurande Virilio, we shall have in this system a dual representation of media: On the one hand, the photographs and, second, the aircraft, since media are loudly Virlio vehicles and are used to transfer speeds. Especially by the embedding of the Swedish countryside in a place that is characterized primarily by the Zubettonierung and destruction of nature, again the juxtaposition of results from mutually exclusive places as a feature of heterotopia, as it is referenced by the images to something that from the outset be absent in order to ensure the operation of the airport.
It is yellow, stick to the wall and serve the men in the escape: The Axixa urinal of the Mexican inventor Miguel Melgarejo. It can be installed cheaply, effectively and easily to almost any house wall and will be exactly like the "Wheelie Bin urinal" prevent peed is in need of some wall. All of the relevant and the form of some similarity to the way and use the pee yellow color has been well chosen not only as an eye catcher. The urine of the user is thereby passed through a drain into the sewage system.
Axixa The urinal is just like the "Wheelie Bin urinal" not suitable for women and the disabled (including inappropriate body size, it will be difficult) and also falls into the category of open public toilets, Because there are no kind of separation takes place. For this reason, it will come in the U.S. probably never used ... According to Marc Augé
Axixa than the non-place would be to understand because there is apparently no communication, the passer does his business in transit and history can be seen in the maximum use. The rituals of transition to Foucault Heterotopiekriterien are not to be found and the Axixa is also not related to temporal fractures.
space location: Mariahilfer Straße 117, 1060 Vienna
"The word is symbolic of the room for development. "(Wolfgang Jappel, Managing http://www.freiraum117.at,)
have with this quotation and the camera in your pocket, we soaked the Toilet of the Wiener "restaurant scene" clearance to enter on the main shopping street. There was a lot of activity in the vestibule of the toilet cubicles. While some had their bladder to vent, others did this with the anger over her company and discussing possible advances. Still others compared the quality of their umbrellas covered, according to their eyeliner or tried to put their feet dry.
fell A closer look at us, that the concept of space of the toilet promoted the development of such or similar communications: In the center of the large room is a round, stocked with mosaics basin (diameter about 1 meter), which has no contact with a wall. By pressing a button on the six basin mounted red-lit button, to activate the shower over the sink. The water is so condescending. This allows multiple people simultaneously wash their hands and stand opposite each other or side by side. These face-to-face situation favors verbal but also non-verbal communication. Side is a chest of drawers attached rosafabene "used look" at a mirror that is found in which several people at the same place. This article can be his bag or similar and put himself in the mirror betracheten. The "used" look and creates a homely girl-like atmosphere in the spacious room. Above the chest hangs a glittering chandelier. Apart from a strong Lighting (perfect for styling ;) ) make many round mirror in different sizes, the "laundry room" from almost every angle of cost and enlarge it optically. The wall behind the mirrors is tiled walls, however, other additional sheet pink patterned wallpaper. invites During this part of the toilet more likely to stay comfortable and communicative, the individual toilet cubicles spartan but elegant, chic and clean in black (with a few Amaturen). The lighting is much more subdued than in the hall, presumably so that dirt is not easily visible. Regular checks blurring of cleaning staff all visible traces of foreign "invaders" (no flyers, no ads, no waste), because in the dressing rooms and throughout the local focus is on a created order.
" We wanted to prove that you can create a great locally, but the hospitable than their own personality, with the various claims and interests, recognizes. and here is a diverse supply and design necessary. so it was extremely important to us, on the one hand the space into different to divide areas, but especially gastronomically A range as large and diverse to have. "(http://www.freiraum117.at/)
This differentiated offer reflects in the toilet areas also continue because there (as noted above), various types of design are represented. As mentioned earlier in this WC system communication and interaction, the user is encouraged. The arrangement of the equipment also allows visitors to use these social communally. We believe that this toilet as third place to or call accompanies a Third Place (the local). In addition, it is worth it based on this example may go into detail on the third feature of the heterotopia (Foucault).
"heterotopias have the ability to have multiple real spaces, several sites that are not really compatible with one another to provide a single place side by side "(Foucault:" Other Areas ", 1967 p. 324.)
It brings the one hand, very intimate and personal act of the to relieve nature in connection with a society or even community action and situation. Here the toilet cubicle is next to the big "laundry", ideal for personal development and communication in public space.
The supposedly largest toilet system is that in Chongqin in China with 1,000 toilets and urinals to 30,000 ft ². This plant is be a very elaborate design of the toilets and various necessities to be a kind of experience. Because the top floor of the toilet is not covered, you can watch from the nearby hills to users in their business, which has already caused some resentment, and has scared away some users, as currently in China to the safeguarding of the face, in this the case of privacy, is considered essentially important.
houses the smorgasbord of urinals with also some unique items, and even the hand basins are to China's prudish rules very generous, wewegen recently briefs were added later.
who think this is as an entertainment at Klogang not enough, for there are also music and TV in the lower floors.
images via coke.posterous.com and news.xinhuanet.com
the ditch in the 1st District is the oldest underground toilet in the world. It was built in 1905 by Wilhelm Beetz Art Nouveau and is now a listed building. Everything is very luxuriously compared to other public toilets set up, it was used a lot of brass, marble, ornamental floors, large mirrors and glass structure make the room look spacious and the dark wood reminded of the charm. To prevent vandalism, there are also security guards, which requires the user 50Cent for the toilet - that the toilets are clean but also tiptop! Problems are likely to be back on the finding, because who does not know where to find this toilet is running, on the run mercilessly by loud crowds around it, since it from the outside looks totally unimpressive. A replica of the toilet facility is also located in the iris and the High Street Market (the latter is currently locked).
Previously there were all sorts of unusual Occupations that have now fallen into total oblivion - and for good reason, sometimes! Hardly anyone today would take the service in Anpsruch that the privy providers from 18 Century offered, for they were literally changing toilets. This was done in the form of buckets, which were attached to a yoke that was hidden underneath a long, loose coat. Since it was banned in various cities under penalty of making easy anywhere and drains had not been introduced Nocht, just privy provider served as a kind of early mobile public toilet like a Dixieklo today. Thus the rush to the needy nothing spills over, had a bucket Cover. The user therefore sat down on one of the two buckets and did his business for a fee only under the protection of the shell in which the head was still easy to recognize. With the advent of the first toilets connected to sewers that work disappeared from the scene.
As in any big city, there are also places in Vienna, the victims of local be Klosprüchen and graffiti. The need for communication seems to this public toilet while giving priority to be the praise of sexual acts or sexual contact exchange, each in the best manner Twitter can scribble something on the walls (including phone number). Temporal areas according to Foucault, are thus inevitable from the outset, when a public toilet will be transformed into a Mitteilungsort flow that is secondary. Even a yellow flyer that is aware of an already past demo under the letter of Dating (SLAVE IS LOOKING FOR EDUCATORS "," do everything ") to recognize vague and occasionally you can make political messages find (" Death to police corrupt PIGS " ), with capital letters like be used as emphasis. Place on walls and doors are very competitive and so is simply written over the award of another with a different color over it. Judging from the condition and appearance of the toilet after this place will now be researched for the perpetuation of the toilet walls and the Intersse the city, the toilet probably tends to maintain zero. least likely to entail the local graffiti research any benefits from it ...
With the advent of Christianity and personal hygiene has been demonized as vanity, as the "worship of the body" through personal care, according to the church was considered sinful. Washed monks have therefore only 2x a year - but just for the male population, there were so-called bath houses (more a brothel disguised as a bath house), in which one (s) bathed naked and of course a thorn in the eye of the Church. But poor could benefit from a bath, there were foundations to do so. This bathing culture, however, died in the 16 Century completely, since epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases and the Übetragung were often associated with the bath water factory.
The idea of public toilets, as it were customary in the Roman Empire, has gone probably lost during the migration. Thus, used in medieval times either a type of chamber pot, or carried out his business on the road in place. Only the higher nobility had an abortion usually somewhere in his castle, so a squat toilet in an alcove in which was the call of nature along the wall in the deep. That must have been for a rather cold in winter and not always completely odor-free, especially in summer. Toilet paper of course there was none, and even underpants generally only the lords of creation were given before.
image via www.burgenseite.com assigns / / abtritt_txt.htm
heterotopia heterotopia or not that is the question! The
Our job was "investigating a heterotopia of the present" - is a condition that is the heterotopia His of public toilets, thus fulfilling as many features. To capture this being, we consider again the six characteristics that Foucault states in his essay "Of other spaces" and apply it where possible, in public toilets.
Foucault sets in his first principle that Hetereotopien are found in all cultures: "It is a constant of all human groups." (S.312) We both agree: In all cultures, there are ways his" escape from pressure "and that too, if you do not in their own "four walls" is staying. Standart and type of institution (if it is for some) vary widely. However, he leads his principle further and speaks of deviation or crisis heterotopias. In our view, neither the public toilet a crisis heterotopias, because it is so in this context is not a sacred or forbidden place, nor is it a deviation heterotopias, as it's not a place for people to function, "whose Behavior of average or deviates from the norm "(S.322).
Covers one now with the second principle, appears this realized in public toilets heterotopias, Foucault, are not static but to historical change, that place has become social ideas. This principle can be found here met in full. The public toilets are there in all variations, as can also be found on our blog. In addition, a change to the here and now be seen, as against the issue of the static and thus appeals for the second principle.
Foucault leads the ability to "several real spaces, several places that are not really compatible with one another to provide a single location next to one another "(p. 324). Public toilets partially fulfilling this function, since they are not just there to relieve themselves, but often you meet in this type of toilet in a very unexpected information. The walls are often plastered with flyers to draw attention to upcoming parties and events. In addition, it also gives off and searches for houses or offer tutoring, music lessons, or otherwise. This is where that is in a room together several points. This is of course not apply to any public toilet, which the third principle is only partly fulfilled.
leads Furthermore Foucault in his reflections on the connection with time breaks. Now it is natural that public toilets have to do with time breaks. However, you can see in the citing some examples of his points, which also apply to toilets as it actually in some ways as heterotopias of the time, such as museums or libraries should be considered. Of course non in the same period, but here is the time accumulated in one place. Graffiti, slogans, drawings, even if it's just a simple "I was there!" is that the toilet walls act as a kind of archive. And everyone is basically able to expand this archive.
says Foucault, heterotopias always put a "forward system of opening and closure, which they isolated and at the same time allowing access to them" (p.325). Actually, one must also attend at public toilets entrance rituals. It can happen that you have to stand in line and in most cases is also necessary to allow at least some small change for the cleaning lady. At motorway service stations have to pass even a barrier that can be opened only after throwing in 50 cents. Semi-public toilets usually put forward the member and / or Gastsein (Example Restaurant, Gymnasium).
The last feature which is cited in the text, the heterotopias "an illusionary space, manage the whole of real space and all the real places where human life is included, as yet greater illusion exposed. [...] Or create another space, another real space, which in contrast to the tangled mess of our room a perfect order. " (P. 326) In our opinion, represent today's public toilets has become a material, social ideal, the nature of the outsourcing needs of the people and departed to a Location banished, where one stays for the duration of the call of nature and the one then leaves again. Public toilets need not necessarily have an absolute right, but they lassn in a way, the unnatural way of life and the artificial separation of people recognize the nature, so the first point is to be regarded as fulfilled in our opinion.
The unique assignment is usually very difficult and often not clear. It lies largely in the eye of the beholder, whether the assets are transferred to public toilets as fulfilled or not fulfilled considered. We selected toilets usually meet most of the features and therefore are considered as heterotopias.
This experimental urinal in the shape of a dumpster is to continue to party miles the public urination blocks Governmental permits. It is called "Wheelie Bin urinal" and is an invention of the designer Stephen Bishop. It was originally designed together with other items for the City of London to contain assozial behavior. Inside the Wheelie Bin urinal is a kind of filter system, which turns the urine in combination with another component in a bio-fertilizer.
adds Its garbage form this urinal perfectly into the city while providing a legal way to have water when the pressure in the bladder, without having to pull for the land to the residents affected have. The useful Component occurs in this case in two ways: first, to illegal "public urination" can be prevented, on the other, not urine handled as a waste product, but still receives a sustainable function.
Also on this urinal is made aware by the media through a pictogram, but there is no entry requirement, as in a semi-public toilet. The Wheelie Bin urinal is a new interpretation of an old social idea and can certainly be open as a public toilet characterized. There are again different things are brought into connection that would normally be incompatible, as the company directly at Process of urination in the immediate neighborhood is present and the user is in no way separated from the public. Particularly the conversion of the urine is thus a reversion back back to nature, as the estranged, domesticated by culture, originally natural process again experiencing a union with its source.
represents for us the toilet is a convenience that you will not miss more than other ages. But how did the Klokultur from other times? Was there even public toilets?
The ancient Romans played the hygiene in the late Roman Empire an important role, which, for example, at the recognize the extensive bathing culture is. But hardly anyone had a private toilet in his house and running water was a luxury for only a few. For this reason, cities had wells and public latrines, which were measured by the number of inhabitants, however, never enough, why in the houses of the plebeians always buckets stood ready for the business that were simply dumped on the street. By this standard, it is no wonder that diseases, pests and plagues spread rapidly. If we compare the toilet bucket with public toilets, so you will find that offered this but more comfort, at least for the middle class: A public toilet facility consisted of a long bench with holes, under which a kind of flush away with the necessity. However, there was segregation in the rarest cases and the only view was from the protection up to 79 different users each garment that you wore. Often also a user fee was due, so that one could describe even these systems as semi-public in terms of restricting access, since they exclude the plebs.
Furthermore, there was still public urinals, mostly in the form of amphorae, the contents of the Gerber for their work is used or made use of just one corner. A kind Hock abortion spreads, particularly in the areas of present-day Spain and France was, was already known.
Since the field leaders of the connection between inadequate sanitation and spread of disease was known, there was a latrine in every Roman fort for the soldiers. How is one to lead war and conquer kingdoms, when half the army is on sick leave?
The slightly different note makes the semi-public men's room in the garden people talked about. To this toilet is a saying an analogy to a world-renowned 007-quote, second, it is equipped with a ban in the American sense. Both sayings refer indirectly to the use practices of a urinal and the Western conventions that are associated with it. The transfer process from the really well-known sayings is thus a humorous matter that the purely semantic meaning can still play a metalinguistic component.
Here too, the whitewashing is missing from other events in the form of posters do not why can enter historical breakthroughs in terms of a heterotopia. Different social norms and ideals are thus in the toilet entrance, but at the same caricatured in a way that requires the user with a cultural knowledge of a particular society. is surrounded by a wall covering consisting of nothing but sweets we now do his business:
On the 10th of the Flex are the toilets were also refurbished and experienced a transformation from filthy to sweet. This would not only please the interior inveterate sweet tooth, because in its early days probably would have given anything to be allowed to be even with so many lollipops, candies, acid drops, chewing gum and shower rods in a room.
The toilet was brought their design to a kind of attraction that inspires the most beautiful childhood fantasies, ergo place calls that are intended by design. It should not forget that even here to get back Klograffitis and sayings of other Klowänden and advertising is positioned at eye level, but this is strongly suppressed by the candy in the background (except perhaps for regulars and slightly drunk). Further be used toilets in clubs for gossip or escape to a disagreeable person not to have run into what precisely the sweets supported, as they spread an idyllic aura. The pure purpose limitation shall be, therefore, plays and there is a kind of aesthetic experience while performing the call of nature.
